Chemical Fertilizer and its Usage

Chemical fertilizers used widely in Turkey are divided into four main groups due to food stuffs in its composition.

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

Fertilizers having Nitrogen in their compositions. At determination of nitrogenous fertilizer to be applied, the humus and nitrogen content of soil to be fertilized and nitrogen need of plant to be planted are considered. Nitrogenous Fertilizers:

  • Provide the formation of root and development and growing for plant.
  • Hurry the maturation of plants.
  • Increase the quality of product.
  • Prevent the falling of grains, increase the productivity.
  • Provide maturation of grains.

Symptoms that appear in lack of Nitrogenous Fertilizers

  • The effect of lack of Nitrogen is so great in plant. Even it effects the taking of other elements.
  • Synthesis of protein and enzymes slows. Development of plant stops. Plant dwarfs.
  • Plant sometimes gets reddish color.
  • If the lack of nitrogen happens at Feekes 6.00 in grains, the leaves get light green color. Stems become thin and poor, spikes become short and grains never become matured.
  • Productivity decrease.
  • It is needed to give farm manure if it can be supplied or sufficient (artificial) chemical manure if there is no farm manure to remedy the lack of nitrogen. 2-3 ton farm manure is sufficient for normal featured soil. If deficiency of chlorosis is seen in growing plants, to satisfy the lack of nitrogen in this soil nitrogenous fertilizers in form of ammonium should be used rather than nitrogenous fertilizers in form of Nitrate.

As urea and Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer.

Symptoms that appear in excess Nitrogenous Fertilizers

  • Excess fertilizer usage causes the material loss.
  • Plant grows fast and harvest lies. Stem become productive rather than product.
  • Tissues and cell membranes are formed loose.
  • The resistance of plant against cold, sick and harmful insects decrease.
  • The fruits become second class (having tick peel, sponge and non durable form).

Nitrogenous fertilizers used widely in our country

Urea

Even there are many nitrogenous fertilizers but the urea fertilizer produced by IGSAS as nitrogen source will be discussed here. There are many reasons to recommend urea as nitrogenous fertilizer. We can summarize the essentials as:

  • it has less food stuffs in its content since it has pure nitrogen in percent of 46%. This feature of being concentrated facilitates the transport, storing and usage. So it is an economic fertilizer. It get form to be used by plant easily immediately after it is applied to soil. To prevent to loss of nitrogen, urea should be covered by soil immediately after its application into soil.
  • Urea is a pure nitrogen source since it has CO(NH2)2 chemical formulation. It does not contain any filler materials or residues that durable in soil other than nitrogen in its content. It melts in little damp and immediately become useful for plant. It does not show any negative effect for soil reactio.
  • By (NH4) formulation charged positively, urea holds soil colloid firmly. It is the most important features of urea. By this way, nitrogen loss that occurs in soil via washing in our country will be prevented and keeping nitrogen in soil for long period will be possible. Hence, continuous and standing nitrogen supplying to plant will be provided. Furthermore, there is no washing danger, it can be given to soil before planting or after planting or when needed.
  • Urea is used easily by its prill structure. It is kept easily and securely.

CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE (CAN)

CAN having nitrogen in percentage of 26% is mostly used one among the nitrogenous fertilizers. There are nitrogen in percentage of 26% in its content. Half of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate fertilizer is in form of nitrate and other half in ammonium. CAN fertilizer supplies nitrate needed by plant readily on the one hand, and covers all nitrogen need of plant during its growing season by holding ammonium ions by soil colloids on the other hand. Namely, nitrate is used immediately and ammonium is used gradually. By its composition and solubility, it is the most quickly effecting unique fertilizer among nitrogenous fertilizers. The effect of fertilizer is both quick and standing. Hence, plant can be used in each stage of its development easefully.

On the other hand, CAN fertilizer having nitrogen of 26% and Dolomite as filler material and produced in Kutahya Nitrogen Plants has trace elements as Iron, Silisium and Aluminum as well as elements needed by plants in second degree as Calcium and Magnesium. Magnesium is the foot stone of chlorophyll giving green color to plant. In case of its lack, yellowing starts from lower leaves.

There are hydroscopic feature of CAN fertilizer. So, it can get cake like formation by coagulating by taking damp of air. Hence, it should be used by not keeping for long period in stores. It must not be piled up in stores being more than ten bags over and over. In same time it also has explosive feature, CAN fertilizer is never stored with inflammable materials as gasoline and gas oil.

AMMONIUM SULFATE

It usually has white color and since it looks like sugar, it is known as sugar fertilizer by farmers. ReceTRYy imported some types have blue or grayish color. It has nitrogen in percentage of 21% in its content and coagulation by getting water is less. So it can be kept easily.

Since ammonium sulfate fertilizer is a fertilizer having acidic characteristics it can be used in neutral and alkali (calcareous) soils easily. If it is used continuously in soils in arid limeless regions unless making calcification, it can be harmful for plant after a period. Namely, pH concentration of soil decease and an acidic medium occurs. In case pH of soil decrease below 5.5, event of nitrification slows. Namely, nitrogen compounds in soil do not taken by plant sufficieTRYy. To prevent this, it is needed to increase pH of soil above 5.5 by making laming. Ammonium sulfate is an important nitrogenous fertilizer having sulfur in its content.